PER1 / YCR044C Overview

Sequence

The S. cerevisiae Reference Genome sequence is derived from laboratory strain S288C. Download DNA or protein sequence, view genomic context and coordinates. Click "Sequence Details" to view all sequence information for this locus, including that for other strains.

Protein

Basic sequence-derived (length, molecular weight, isoelectric point) and experimentally-determined (median abundance, median absolute deviation) protein information. Click "Protein Details" for further information about the protein such as half-life, abundance, domains, domains shared with other proteins, protein sequence retrieval for various strains, physico-chemical properties, protein modification sites, and external identifiers for the protein.

Length (a.a.)

357

Mol. Weight (Da)

42538.8

Isoelectric Point

6.87

Median Abundance (molecules/cell)

2715 +/- 335

Alleles

Curated mutant alleles for the specified gene, listed alphabetically. Click on the allele name to open the allele page. Click "SGD search" to view all alleles in search results.

Gene Ontology

GO Annotations consist of four mandatory components: a gene product, a term from one of the three Gene Ontology (GO) controlled vocabularies (Molecular Function, Biological Process, and Cellular Component), a reference, and an evidence code. SGD has manually curated and high-throughput GO Annotations, both derived from the literature, as well as computational, or predicted, annotations. Click "Gene Ontology Details" to view all GO information and evidence for this locus as well as biological processes it shares with other genes.

Functional Networks

Functional Networks display how gene products work together in biological systems. The Shared Annotations network shows genes with similar GO annotations, suggesting functional relationships. GO-CAMs (Gene Ontology Causal Activity Models) are manually curated pathway models that illustrate how molecular activities of multiple gene products connect through causal relationships to carry out biological processes. GO-CAMs integrate Molecular Function, Biological Process, and Cellular Component information into unified pathway representations based on published experimental evidence. Click "View GO-CAM at Gene Ontology" to explore the interactive model at AmiGO.

Phenotype

Phenotype annotations for a gene are curated single mutant phenotypes that require an observable (e.g., "cell shape"), a qualifier (e.g., "abnormal"), a mutant type (e.g., null), strain background, and a reference. In addition, annotations are classified as classical genetics or high-throughput (e.g., large scale survey, systematic mutation set). Whenever possible, allele information and additional details are provided. Click "Phenotype Details" to view all phenotype annotations and evidence for this locus as well as phenotypes it shares with other genes.

Summary

PER1/YCR044C is a non-essential gene in reference strain S288C; null mutants are viable but grow slowly and display haploinsufficiency in some conditions and haploproficiency in others. Null mutants exhibit increased heat sensitivity, decreased oxidative stress resistance, decreased desiccation resistance, decreased overall stress resistance, and variable resistance to chemicals (decreased, increased, or normal depending on the compound), though killer toxin resistance is increased while toxin resistance overall is decreased, and metal resistance is decreased. Null mutants show decreased and increased accumulation of different chemical compounds, abnormal budding pattern, abnormal cell shape, abnormal endoplasmic reticulum morphology, abnormal protein/peptide distribution, abnormal protein transport, decreased endocytosis, and decreased protein/peptide modification. Additional phenotypes include decreased respiratory growth rate, decreased utilization of nitrogen sources, decreased chronological and replicative lifespan, decreased competitive fitness, and decreased transposable element transposition. Reduction-of-function alleles display increased heat sensitivity and decreased resistance to chemicals. Overexpression of PER1 results in decreased vegetative growth rate.

Interaction

Interaction annotations are curated by BioGRID and include physical or genetic interactions observed between at least two genes. An interaction annotation is composed of the interaction type, name of the interactor, assay type (e.g., Two-Hybrid), annotation type (e.g., manual or high-throughput), and a reference, as well as other experimental details. Click "Interaction Details" to view all interaction annotations and evidence for this locus, including an interaction visualization.

Regulation

The number of putative Regulators (genes that regulate it) and Targets (genes it regulates) for the given locus, based on experimental evidence. This evidence includes data generated through high-throughput techniques. Click "Regulation Details" to view all regulation annotations, shared GO enrichment among regulation Targets, and a regulator/target diagram for the locus.

Expression

Expression data are derived from records contained in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and are first log2 transformed and normalized. Referenced datasets may contain one or more condition(s), and as a result there may be a greater number of conditions than datasets represented in a single clickable histogram bar. The histogram division at 0.0 separates the down-regulated (green) conditions and datasets from those that are up-regulated (red). Click "Expression Details" to view all expression annotations and details for this locus, including a visualization of genes that share a similar expression pattern.

All Curated Literature

All manually curated literature for the specified gene, shown as a count of references by year of publication followed by the most recent papers. Click "Literature Details" or "See all" to view all literature information for this locus, organized into topics according to their relevance to the gene (Primary Literature, Additional Literature, or Review).

Resources