Background: The combination of ethyl acetate fractions from Uncaria sp. and Selaginella doederleinii (EAF-BC) holds potential as an anticancer agent; however, its underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the anticancer potential of these combinations by evaluating the hallmarks of apoptosis using a Saccharomyces cerevisiae model.
Methods and results: Yeast cells were incubated with EAF-BC at concentrations of 5, 10, and 100 ppm for 24 h. The analyzed parameters included petite colony frequency, mitochondrial activity, cell surface morphology, phosphatidylserine externalization, DNA fragmentation, and apoptosis-related gene regulation (FSH3, AIF1, and YCA1). The results showed that EAF-BC induced mitochondria-driven apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. The 100-ppm concentration caused severe mitochondrial damage, yielding 85% petite colony formation, reduced mitochondrial fluorescence, surface wrinkling, phosphatidylserine externalization, and DNA fragmentation. This concentration significantly upregulated FSH3 (6-fold), YCA1 (3-fold), and AIF1 (2-fold) expression. Lower concentrations (5 and 10 ppm) also induced apoptosis, although the activity was lower.
Conclusion: EAF-BC induced apoptosis-associated cellular changes accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as evidenced by increased petite colony formation and multiple apoptotic hallmarks.
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene/Complex | Systematic Name/Complex Accession | Qualifier | Gene Ontology Term ID | Gene Ontology Term | Aspect | Annotation Extension | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Phenotype | Experiment Type | Experiment Type Category | Mutant Information | Strain Background | Chemical | Details | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Disease Ontology Term | Disease Ontology Term ID | Qualifier | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Regulator | Regulator Systematic Name | Target | Target Systematic Name | Direction | Regulation of | Happens During | Regulator Type | Direction | Regulation Of | Happens During | Method | Evidence | Strain Background | Reference |
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| Site | Modification | Modifier | Source | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Allele | Assay | Annotation | Action | Phenotype | SGA score | P-value | Source | Reference | Note |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Assay | Annotation | Action | Modification | Source | Reference | Note |
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| Complement ID | Locus ID | Gene | Species | Gene ID | Strain background | Direction | Details | Source | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Dataset | Description | Keywords | Number of Conditions | Reference |
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