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Pathway: pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis

Biochemical pathways in S. cerevisiae are manually curated and maintained in the YeastPathways database. This page summarizes the genes, enzymes, and metabolites involved in the pathway, along with the curated literature.

Pathway Name
pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis
Pathway ID
PANTOSYN2-PWY
SGD ID
SGD:S000249689
Genes
ALD2 | ALD3 | CAB1 | CAB2 | CAB3 | CAB4 | CAB5 | ECM31 | FMS1 | PAN5 | PAN6 | SIS2 | VHS3
Aliases
pantsyn
Chemical Compounds
(R)-4'-phosphonatopantothenate(3-) | (R)-pantoate | (R)-pantothenate | 2-dehydropantoate | 3'-dephospho-CoA(2-) | 3-aminopropanal | 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate | ADP(3-) | ATP(4-) | CTP(4-) | D-pantetheine 4'-phosphate(2-) | L-cysteine zwitterion | N-[(R)-4-phosphonatopantothenoyl]-L-cysteinate(3-) | NAD(1-) | NADH(2-) | NADP(3-) | NADPH(4-) | adenosine 5'-monophosphate(2-) | beta-alanine zwitterion | carbon dioxide | coenzyme A(4-) | cytidine 5'-monophosphate(2-) | dioxygen | diphosphoric acid | hydrogen peroxide | hydron | spermidine(3+) | spermine(4+) | water

Pathway Diagram

Diagram of the pathway from YeastPathways. Click "View interactive diagram at YeastPathways" for the zoomable, clickable version.

pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis pathway diagram

View interactive diagram at YeastPathways

Pathway Summary

Pantothenate (vitamin B5) is a metabolic precursor to the essential cofactor coenzyme A. It is synthesized de novo in plants, eubacteria, archaea, and many fungi, but not in animals who instead must acquire it from the environment. S. cerevisiae is able to synthesize pantothenate de novo, however some laboratory strains still require pantothenate supplementation in order to achieve optimal growth. Synthesis of pantothenate requires two precursors: pantoate and -alanine. The source of -alanine for this pathway varies by organism; whereas bacteria produce -alanine in one-step via the decarboxylation of aspartate, S. cerevisiae derives -alanine in two steps from spermine, a polyamine produced in the methionine salvage pathway. In the S. cerevisiae route, spermine is oxidized by amine oxidase (Fms1p) to form 3-aminopropanal, which is subsequently converted to -alanine by an aldehyde dehydrogenase (Ald2p or Ald3p). Pantoate is synthesized from 2-ketoisovalerate (2-KIV), an intermediate in the biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids. This occurs in two steps in S. cerevisiae: hydroxymethylation of 2-KIV via Ecm31p to form ketopantoate, and reduction of ketopantoate to pantoate via Pan5p. After its production, pantoate can be condensed with -alanine in a reaction catalyzed by pantothenate synthetase (Pan6p) to form pantothenate. Pantothenate may then go on to react with cysteine and ATP in a five-step pathway leading up to the synthesis of coenzyme A.

Genes Involved

Genes whose products participate in this pathway, with their systematic names, EC numbers (where the gene product is an enzyme with an assigned EC number), and the gene's SGD description.

GeneSystematic NameEC NumberDescription
ALD2 YMR170C 1.2.1.3 Cytoplasmic aldehyde dehydrogenase
ALD3 YMR169C 1.2.1.3 Cytoplasmic aldehyde dehydrogenase
CAB1 YDR531W 2.7.1.33 Pantothenate kinase, ATP:D-pantothenate 4'-phosphotransferase
CAB2 YIL083C 6.3.2.5 Phosphopantothenoylcysteine synthetase (PPCS)
CAB3 YKL088W Subunit of PPCDC and CoA-SPC complexes involved in CoA biosynthesis
CAB4 YGR277C 2.7.7.3 Subunit of the CoA-Synthesizing Protein Complex (CoA-SPC)
CAB5 YDR196C 2.7.1.24 Subunit of the CoA-Synthesizing Protein Complex (CoA-SPC)
ECM31 YBR176W 2.1.2.11 Ketopantoate hydroxymethyltransferase
FMS1 YMR020W 1.5.3.17 Polyamine oxidase
PAN5 YHR063C 1.1.1.169 2-dehydropantoate 2-reductase
PAN6 YIL145C 6.3.2.1 Pantothenate synthase
SIS2 YKR072C Negative regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 1 (Ppz1p)
VHS3 YOR054C Negative regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 1 Ppz1p

Functional Networks

Functional Networks show how the genes in this pathway work together: a graph linking the pathway to its genes and their shared GO biological-process terms and phenotype observables, and the GO-CAM causal activity models that involve these genes.

Shared Annotations

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GO-CAMs

GO-CAM (Gene Ontology Causal Activity Model) pathway models that involve the genes in this pathway. A gene can participate in more than one model, so use the dropdown to switch between them; the model for this pathway is shown by default.

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GO Enrichment

Gene Ontology biological-process terms enriched among the genes in this pathway, computed with GO Term Finder. Terms are shown with the number of pathway genes annotated to them and the corrected p-value.

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References

List of references used specifically to curate the information on this page.

Resources

YeastPathways